1The trespass offering of one that sinneth in concealing his knowledge, in touching an unclean thing, or in making an oath; from the flock, 7or of fowls, 11or of flour. 14The trespass offering in cases of sacrilege, 17and in sins of ignorance.
1AND if a 1soul sin, and hear the voice 2of swearing, and is a witness, whether 3he hath seen or 4known of it; if he do 5not utter it, then he shall bear his 6iniquity.
1 Hebr. soul, and so in the sequel. See Gen. 12 on verse 5.
2 That is, of blasphemy, uttered against God (as Lev. 24:10, 11) or his neighbor, (as 2 Sam. 16:7).
3 That is, having been personally present when the cursing was committed.
4 That is, having heard it reported by others.
5 Namely, to the authorities, being kept back through any human infirmity of either timorousness, or want of courage, or fear or for affections’ sake, or out of neglect, etc.
6 That is, he shall undergo and suffer punishment, which by this trespass of concealment he has deserved. See this phrase below, verse 17, and Lev. 17:16; 20:20. Num. 14:33: Isa. 53:11, etc., and this sin or iniquity is taken for punishment, Gen. 19:15. Num. 18:1. See Gen. 4 on verse 13.
2Ora if a soul touch any 7unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean 8creeping things, and if it be 9hidden from him; he also shall be unclean, and guilty.
a Hag. 2:14; 2 Cor. 6:17.
7 Understand this of the ceremonial uncleanness, whereof see further Leviticus 11, and Deuteronomy 14.
8 See Gen. 1 on verse 20.
9 Namely, that he had not known that he had touched any of those.
3Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, 10whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he 11knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty.
10 That is, in any kind of uncleanness whereby a person may become unclean according to the ceremonial law. See of the several kinds of this uncleanness, Leviticus 11; 12; 13; 15, and 17.
11 Hebr. hath known it. Also verse 4.
4Or if a soul swear, 12pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be 13hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in 14one of these.
12 To wit, to his neighbor. Of the evil is an example in 1 Sam. 25:22, likewise Acts 23:12, of the good, Mark 6:23.
13 Namely, through temptation and distress of his spirit.
14 That is, of one of the foresaid offences.
5And it 15shall be, 16when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned 17in that thing:
15 That is, then shall this following law be observed.
16 Other, because he, etc.
17 That is, in which of the foresaid particulars. Other, that he hath sinned therein.
6And he shall bring his 18trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the 19flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for 20a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin.
18 Understand the sacrifice which was made for the sin committed of infirmity, and making a man guilty nevertheless before God. See of this offering likewise verse 16 and Lev. 6:17; 7:1.
19 See Lev. 1 on verse 2.
20 Other, for sin. See Lev. 4 on verse 2.
7Andb21if he be not 22able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two 23young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.
b Lev. 12:8; Luke 2:24.
21 That is, if he is not able to do it by reason of his poverty. Thus in verse 11, and Lev. 25:26.
22 Hebr. the sufficiency of a small cattle.
23 Hebr. sons of the dove. Also verse 11. See Lev. 1 on verse 14.
8And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wringc off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder:
c Lev. 1:15.
9And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering.
10And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, 24accordingd to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him.
24 Or, according to justice, that is, after the manner and order appointed in this behalf, being accordingly right and lawful; thus the Hebrew word is taken elsewhere also. Compare Gen. 40:13, and see the annotation upon it.
d Lev. 1:15.
11¶But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he 25that sinned shall bring for his offering the 26tenth part of an ephahe of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.
25 Other, then he, because he hath sinned.
26 Called omer, Exod. 16:36. Holding forty-three hen-egg-shells. Ten of them made up an ephah, holding ten times as much, that is, as much as 432 hen-egg-shells. They were measures for dry wares.
e dry: ten omers, 0.95 bushel or 34 liters*
12Then shall he bring it to the priest, and thef priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn itg on the altar, 27according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: it is a sin offering.
f Lev. 2:2.
g Lev. 4:35.
27 Other, according to the manner of the offerings made by fire. See Lev. 3 on verse 5.
13And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of 28these, and it shall be forgiven him: and theh remnant 29shall be the priest's, as a meat offering.
28 To wit, of the sins mentioned at the beginning of this chapter.
h Lev. 2:3.
29 Namely, the remainder.
14¶And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
15If a 30soul commit a trespass, and 31sin through ignorance, in the 32holy things of the LORD; then he shall bring for 33his trespass unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, 34with thy estimation byi shekels of silver, 35after thej shekelk of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering:
30 Or, man.
31 Other, shall have sinned concerning something in the holy things, etc. Or, because of the holy things.
32 Hebr. the holinesses of the Lord, that is, from, of, or, about the thing, which are hallowed and consecrated to the Lord, and separated for an holy use. So in the next verse, etc., and Lev. 22:2 and compare Lev. 16:4; 19:24.
33 Hebr. his guilt; that is, the sacrifice for his guilt. See Lev. 4 on verse 3.
34 That is, with as much money as the priest shall appraise the stolen goods be worth. Compare Lev. 22:14 and Leviticus 27.
i Lev. 27:2, 3, etc.
35 Which was as much again as the common shekel, to wit, about half a Rix-dollar. See Gen. 23 on verse 15.
j Exod. 30:13.
k OT currency: currently, 1 shekel = $0.26
16And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the 36trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.
36 See on verse 6.
17¶And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his 37iniquity.
37 See on verse 1.
18And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist it not, and it shall be forgiven him.
19It is a trespass offering: he hath 38certainly trespassed against the LORD.
38 Hebr. making guilty, hath he made himself guilty, that is, if he truly laid dishonest hands on something through ignorance, or carelessness, or forgetfulness, or hastiness, or any other infirmity, yet he has committed sin, and is liable to punishment for it. Compare Luke 12:48.