1The sin offering of ignorance for the priest, 13for the congregation, 22for a ruler, 27for any of the people.
1AND the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If 1a soul shall sin through 2ignorance against 3any of the 4commandments of the LORD concerning things 5which ought not to be done, and shall 6do against any of them:
1 That is, a man, a person. See Lev. 2 on verse 1, and so frequently in the sequel.
2 Or, by straying from, that is, when someone trespasses, not knowing that to be a sin which he acted, or falls into any sin through unadvisedness, at unawares, in haste, not being sensible of the sinfulness of it, till after the trespass committed.
3 Hebr. from all some, that is, from one or any of all God’s commandments, as it is explained in the end of this verse.
4 Namely, whereby anything is forbidden; and so 1 Kings 2:43, and thus commanding is used for forbidding; Deut. 2:37 and 4:23.
5 So verses 13 and 22. See Gen. 20 on verse 9.
6 Understand, that one shall then offer the sacrifices prescribed here following.
3If the priest that is 7anointed 8do sin according to the 9sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a 10young bullock without blemish unto the LORD 11for a sin offering.
7 Understand the high priest, who afterwards was alone anointed, Exod. 29:7; 30:30; Lev. 21:10. Also Lev. 10:7; Num. 3:3. At this time the common priests were likewise anointed indeed, but only once for all time, serving this anointing also for their posterity; Exod. 29:29; 40:15.
8 In any manner of life or doctrine.
9 So namely, that by his sin he brought a guilt upon the people, they either embracing his false doctrine, or following the bad example of his life and conduct. Compare 1 Chron. 21:3. Other, according to the guilt of the people, that is, in the same manner, as any of the common people might come to sin.
10 Hebr. the son of a bull. Also verse 14. See Lev. 1 on verse 14.
11 Hebr. for sin; that is, a sacrifice offered for sin. Thus the words sin and guilt are taken, Lev. 6:17; Ezek. 45:23; 2 Cor. 5:21.
4And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD; and shall lay his hand upon the bullock's head, and 12kill the bullock before the LORD.
12 Namely, by one of the other priests serving at the altar; for, he is distinguished from the priest, who is called the anointed in the next verse.
5And the priest that is anointed shall take ofa the bullock’s blood, and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation:
a Lev. 16:14; Num. 19:4.
6And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the LORD, before the 13vail of the sanctuary.
13 Understand a very costly tapestry, whereby the holy place or the front part of the tabernacle was distinguished and separated from the Holy of Holies, or Most Holy part. See Exod. 26:31, 32, 33; 35:12; 40:3, 21; Num. 4:5.
7And the priest shall 14put some of the blood uponb the 15horns of the 16altar of sweet incense before the LORD, which is 17in the tabernacle of the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at 18the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is 19at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
14 Hebr. give. Also verse 18. Exod. 29:12.
b Lev. 9:9.
15 See Exod. 27:2; 38:2.
16 Hebr. of the altar of the smoking of the perfuming of the incense.
17 Namely, within the front part, right before the sanctuary, Exod. 30:6.
18 That is, on the ground, or lowermost part of the altar: so below verses 18, 25, 30, 34.
19 That is, right before the entry of the first part of the tabernacle, called the holy place.
8And he shall take off from it all the fat of the bullock for the sin offering; thec fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
c Lev. 3:3, 4.
9And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away,
10As it was taken off from the bullock of the sacrifice of peace offerings: andd the priest shall burn them upon the altar of the burnt offering.
d Lev. 3:5.
11And the skine of the bullock, and all his flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung,
e Exod. 29:14; Num. 19:5.
12Even the whole bullock shallf he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, 20where the ashes are poured out, and burn him on the wood with fire: where the ashes are poured out shall he be burnt.
f Lev. 16:27; Num. 19:3; Heb. 13:11.
20 Hebr. at the pouring out of the ashes; that is, by or upon the poured out ashes. Understand a place outside the camp where the ashes of the burnt sacrifices, together with the other filth and grime which came from them, were usually carried and thrown out. This is to be distinguished from another place on the east side of the court of the tabernacle where the ashes were first carried from the altar. See Lev. 1 on verse 16; and of both places together, Lev. 6:10, 11.
13¶And if theg whole congregation of Israel 21sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done 22somewhat against 23any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which should not be done, and are 24guilty;
g Lev. 9:15; Num. 15:24, etc.
21 Namely, going astray, and misunderstanding, as verse 2.
22 Hebr. one, that is, somewhat, something.
23 Hebr. against all the commandments. That is, against one, or any of them from all. See on verse 2.
24 That is, are fallen into sin, and are therefore liable to punishment. Compare verse 3.
14When the sin, which they have sinned 25against it, is known, then the congregation shall offer a young bullock for the sin, and bring him 26before the tabernacle of the congregation.
25 Namely, against any of the LORD’S commandments.
26 Hebr. before the face of the tent, etc.
15And the 27elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before the LORD: and the bullock 28shall be killed before the LORD.
27 That is, rulers and governors who were set over the rest, as also the teachers and instructors of the people. See Exod. 3 on verse 16; Mat. 26:57.
28 Namely, the priest, whose turn or office it was to do the same. See Lev. 1 on verse 5.
16And the priest 29that is anointed shall bring of the bullock's blood to the tabernacle of the congregation:
29 See on verse 3.
17And the priest shall 30dip his finger in some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, even before 31the vail.
30 The Hebrew verb (here used for dipping) construed with the particle min, that is, out of, or, from, does together include the signification of the verb to take. Compare herewith the annotation at Gen. 12 on verse 15. Likewise Lev. 5:15. These words may likewise be read thus, shall dip in some of that blood.
31 See on verse 6.
18And he shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before the LORD, 32that is in the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall pour out all the blood at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
32 Namely, the LORD, as verse 7.
19And he shall take all his fat from him, and burn it upon the altar.
20And he shall do with the bullock as he did with the bullock for a sin offering, so shall he do with this: and the priest shall make an 33atonement for them, and it shall be 34forgiven them.
33 That is, announce the sign and seal of the reconciliation to be made by the Mediator. See Lev. 1 on verse 4, and compare 2 Cor. 5:19, 20.
34 Namely, of grace, through faith, for the shed blood of Christ, Rom. 3:25, not that of beasts, Heb. 10:4, whose shedding of blood was but a type of the sacrifice of Christ, Heb. 10:1, etc.
21And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn him as he burned the 35first bullock: it is a sin offering for the congregation.
35 See verse 12.
22¶When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat 36through ignorance against 37any of the commandments of the LORD his God concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty;
36 See on verse 2. Understand this verse, of such a departure committed by inattentiveness when a man observes indeed and apprehends his own sin, but not until after the fact or commission. The other sort, spoken of in the next verse, proceeds of mere ignorance when a man does not understand that he has committed a sin, before such time as it is shown him by another.
37 Hebr. all. See on verse 13.
2338Or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, 39a kid of the goats, a male without blemish:
38 Other, when, or, so his sin.
39 That is, a young one, a kid, sucking yet; as verse 28, a she-goat for a young one, likewise Lev. 5:6, etc.
24And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and 40kill it in the place 41where they kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it is a sin offering.
40 Namely, by the priest.
41 To wit, before the door of the tent of the congregation. See Exod. 29:10, 11; Lev. 1:3.
25And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out his blood at the bottom of the altar of burnt offering.
26And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make an atonement for 42him as concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him.
42 See on verse 20.
27¶Andh if any 43one 44of the common people sin 45through ignorance, while he doeth somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and be guilty;
h Num. 15:27.
43 Hebr. soul. See Lev. 2 on verse 1.
44 Understand, the common people, not only of the Israelites themselves, but likewise of the strangers, who were incorporated with the people of God by circumcision. Exod. 12:49; Num. 15:16.
45 See the meaning hereof in verse 22.
28Or if his sin, which he hath sinned, come to his knowledge: then he shall bring his offering, a 46kid of the goats, a female without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned.
46 Hebr. a she-goat, or a female kid of the goats, that is, a young sucking goat. See on verse 23.
29And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering 47in the place of the burnt offering.
47 That is, there where the burnt offering is wont to be slain. See Lev. 1 on verse 3.
30And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar.
31Andi he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shallj burn it upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the LORD; and the priest 48shall make an atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him.
i Lev. 3:3, 4, 14.
j Exod. 29:18.
48 See on verse 20.
32And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it a female without blemish.
33And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and 49slay it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
49 Namely, the priest. See Lev. 1 on verse 5.
34And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar:
35And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of the peace offerings; and the priest shall burn 50them upon the altar, according 51to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: and the priest shall make an atonement for his sin that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
50 Namely, the fats or fatnesses, which were of different sorts, as may be gathered from the verses 8 and 9.
51 See Lev. 3 on verse 5.